Insulin initiation
Insulin initiation whilst unwell should generally be considered to be a temporary strategy that will be reversed once the illness has resolved. Evidence suggests that those patients initiated onto long-term insulin whilst unwell do not receive or possibly retain the detailed levels of information usually given for planned long-term insulin initiation and as a result are less effective in their self-management.
Strategy for short-term illness-related insulin use is thus simpler and more ‘didactic’ than usual insulin initiation, reflecting the different physiological circumstances and priorities
Usual strategies
Eating normally
A twice daily pre-mixed insulin (mixtard 30 / humulin M3) from a disposable pen device starting at 8-10 units each injection (same am and pm doses), blood glucose monitoring pre-meal and pre-bed to guide future up-titration (generally undertaken as 10% TDD -Total daily insulin dose- [initially 2 units] for each injection each 24hours that the average blood glucose remains greater than 10mmol/L, reducing by 50% for each day the average blood glucose falls below 6mmol/L
Not eating well
A twice daily basal NPH insulin (insulatard / humulin I) initiated, monitored and titrated as for pre-mixed insulin
Although in some frail individuals who will need District Nurse support to administer insulin, a daily (usually am) dose of long-acting insulin analogue is appropriate. Our present practice does not routinely recommend this during illness as the titration regimen is potentially rather slower because of the prolonged half-life and thus ‘steady-state’ attainment.